PART I, D
Time Period, The Flood - The Exodus From Egypt
D. TIME PERIOD, THE FLOOD - EGYPT - THE EXODUS
1. Genealogy, Noah - Terah, father of Abraham (Gen 5:32; 7:6,11; 8:13; 11:1-4,12-26)
- a. Noah- Noah [wife, ?] bore Shem, Ham [the youngest, father of Canaan-- see 9:22,24] & Japheth [the eldest-- see Gen 10:21]. At some points after Noah was 500 yrs. old, he became the father [not some ancestor] of Shem, Ham & Japheth; Noah was age 600 yrs. when the flood [illustration in PART I, A-C C.] began; he was age 601 yrs. when the flood ended; after the flood, Noah lived 350 yrs. [Noah's total age: 950 yrs.-- nothing is said of his having other sons & daughters]. His sons with him in the ark generated the people who were scattered over the earth (upon the Tower of Babel incident). And to this day it's obvious every time we see a rainbow, that God can be trusted to perform his promises. Noah was a preacher of righteousness (2ndPet 2:5)-- perhaps even as long as 120 yrs., while he raised his sons & built the ark. But note that man's sin nature (his capacity for making corrupt choices) had not been flooded away. God had originally created man {1} incorruptible & {2} with free choice, in OUR image, as we saw in PART I, A-C A.4. But mankind done lost the horse-- God cannot choose to do evil, for the horse-before-the-cart is that he is incorruptible. This dual nature of God, that he is incorruptible & always freely chooses to do right, was our attributes before the fall; one day mankind will again arrive to incorruptibility, and will once again always choose to do that which is right. I.e., the day is coming when Christians won't have to wrestle to remain righteous in heart, mind, voice & flesh. For the time being, God will guide the cart if so be we allow him. Ham, was the 1st recorded to sin after the flood-- he gossiped to his brothers when he found that Noah had become drunk, and was lying naked (or perhaps Noah himself 1st sinned by imbibing excessively). But Noah compounded things by cursing Ham's son (Noah's grandson), Canaan. It was some of Noah's descendants, who yet had one language and a common speech [not even dialects yet], said to each other, 'Come let us build ourselves a city [Babel], with a tower that reaches to the heavens, so that we may make a name for ourselves, and not be scattered.'
- b. Shem- 2 yrs. after the flood, when Shem [wife, ?] was 100 yrs. old, he became the father (ancestor) of Arphaxad; Shem lived 500 more yrs., had other sons & daughters [Shem's total age: 600 yrs.];
- c. Arphaxad- when Arphaxad [wife, ?] had lived 35 yrs., he became the father (ancestor) of Shelah; Arphaxad lived 403 more yrs., had other sons & daughters [Arphaxad's total age: 438 yrs.];
- d. Shelah- when Shelah [wife, ?] had lived 30 yrs., he became the father (ancestor) of Eber; Shelah lived 403 more yrs., had other sons & daughters [Shelah's total age: 433 yrs.];
- e. Eber- when Eber [wife, ?] had lived 34 yrs., he became the father (ancestor) of Peleg; Eber lived 430 more yrs., had other sons & daughters [Eber's total age: 464 yrs.];
- f. Peleg- when Peleg [wife, ?] had lived 30 yrs., he became the father (ancestor) of Reu; Peleg lived 209 more yrs., had other sons & daughters [Shelah's total age: 239 yrs.];
- g. Reu- when Reu [wife, ?] had lived 32 yrs., he became the father (ancestor) of Serug; Reu lived 207 more yrs., had other sons & daughters [Reu's total age: 239 yrs.];
- h. Serug- when Serug [wife, ?] had lived 30 yrs., he became the father (ancestor) of Nahor; Serug lived 200 more yrs., had other sons & daughters [Shelah's total age: 230 yrs.];
- i. Nahor- when Nahor [wife, ?] had lived 29 yrs., he became the father (ancestor) of Terah; Nahor lived 119 more yrs., had other sons & daughters [Nahor's total age: 148 yrs.];
- j. Terah- Similar to Adam, Lamech & Noah distinctly fathering Cain, Abel, Seth, Noah, Shem, Ham & Japheth (see PART I, A-C B.1.a.,i.& j.), at some points after Terah [wife, ?] had lived 70 yrs., he became the father [not some ancestor] of Abram, Nahor & Haran; Terah lived 35 more yrs.; Terah lived a total of 205 yrs., & he died in Haran [where he, Abram, Abram's wife Sarai, & Lot had stopped after leaving Ur of the Chaldeans on the way to Canaan. It's only possible that Haran was named after Terah's son, Haran, for Haran died in Ur of the Chaldeans]. Terah also had a 2nd wife, & bore Sarai, Abram's future wife.
2. Births, Marriages & Deaths Of The Patriarchs
a. Births & circumcisions of:
- i. Abram (Gen 11:26-31; 17:5,15-17,24-27; 21:5) Terah was at least age 70 yrs. when Abram, Nahor & Haran were born [they perh, weren't triplets]. Haran bore Lot, Milcah & Iscah; Haran died in Ur of the Chaldeans [his birthplace]. After Haran died, Terah, Abram, Sarai [Abram's wife-- daughter of Terah's 2nd wife] & Lot went [some 400 mi. NW] to the city of Haran. It's not likely that the city of Haran was named after Terah's son, Haran-- for he had died in Ur of the Chaldeans. Abraham was circumcised at age 99, along with son Ishmael (age 13) & every male in Abraham's household, including those born in His household or bought from a foreigner-- just prior to that Abram's name was changed to Abraham, & Sarai's to Sarah [perh. age 89-- Abram was age 99 when his name was changed, age 100 when Isaac was born; Sarah bore Isaac at age 90] ;
- ii. Ishmael & Isaac (Gen 16:3,16; 17:24; 21:4-5) Ishmael was circumcised at age 13 yrs. [Abram was age 86 when Ishmael was born to Abram & 2nd wife Hager, since Abraham was circumcised at age 99]. Abraham was age 100 yrs. when son Isaac was born to Abraham & 1st wife Sarah. Isaac was circumcised at age 8 days-- i.e., after Abraham & Ishmael;
- iii. Esau & Jacob, twins (Gen 25:24-26) Isaac was 60 yrs. old when Esau & Jacob were born: Esau 1st, followed immediately by Jacob-- grasping Esau's heel. There is no specific reference to Jacob & Esau being circumcised-- but by then it was the custom, having been instituted when Abram's name was changed to Abraham. It is interesting to note in Deu 10:16 that 1st the Israelites were told to circumcise the heart (or as the KJV puts it, the foreskin of the heart); but later, as the Israelites were about to cross the Jordan R. into Canaan, Moses said to the Israelites (Deu 30:1,6), When all these blessings & curses come upon You & You take them to heart wherever dispersed among the nations, the LORD Your GOD himself will circumcise Your hearts & the hearts of Your descendants. Circumcision was meant to be an outward sign, a discipline, a testimony-- see PART I, F F.1.c. ref. circumcision being re-instituted after the Jordan R. was crossed.
b. Marriages of:
- i. Abram (Gen 11:29,31; 12:4-5; 16:3,16) Abram was ? yrs. old when he married Sarai 1st (his half-sister; his father's daughter, but not his mother's-- see Gen 20:12); he married Sarai in Ur of the Chaldeans before age 75-- his age when they left Haran to go to Canaan [see below, 3.a.ii.). Abram also took a 2nd wife, Hagar, by whom he had Ishmael at age 86. Abraham (name changed; Sarah deceased) had a 3rd wife, Keturah-- see PSALM 83 Gen;
- ii. Ishmael & Isaac (Gen 21:21; 25:20) Hager got a wife from Egypt for Ishmael [age ? yrs.]; Isaac was 40 yrs. old when He married Rebekah-- his 1st cousin-1x-removed (Terah bore Abram, who bore Isaac; Terah bore Nahor, who bore Bethuel; Isaac & Bethuel were 1st cousins; Bethuel bore Rebekah; Isaac married his 1st cousin-1x-removed);
- iii. Esau & Jacob (Gen 26:34-35; 29:10-31; 30:1-24; 35:16-18; 36:10-11; 37:2; 41:46-53; 46:1-12; Exo 1:5) Esau [son of Isaac & Rebekah; Jacob's twin brother] was 40 yrs. old when He married 2 wives. They [Esau & his Hittite wives], Judith daughter of Beeri & Basemath daughter of Olan, were a source of grief to Isaac & Rebekah. Later, after Isaac died, Esau married 3 Canaanite women: Adah, Oholibamah & Basemath (daughter of Ishmael). 1 of Esau's sons (Adah's son, Eliphaz), had a concubine, Timna; their son [Esau's grandson] was Amalek; the Amalekites proved to be a stumbling block to the Israelites at Rephidim soon after They left Egypt-- see PART I, E E.1.a. But the remainder of Esau's family separated from Jacob (both had too much livestock to remain together); Esau went to the hill country of Seir & became the father of the Edomites [later, on their way to the promised land. Israel skirted the country of Edom]. Then Jacob went & served His uncle, Laban, 7 yrs. (the bridal week) for his daughter Leah. I.e., Jacob married his 2nd cousin-1x-removed (Terah bore Abraham, who bore Isaac, who bore Jacob; Terah bore Nahor, who bore Bethuel, who bore Laban; Jacob & Laban were 2nd cousins; Laban bore Leah; Jacob married his 2nd cousin-1x-removed). It's also accurate to say that Jacob married his mother's 1st cousin. Then Jacob served Laban another 7 yrs. for Leah's younger sister Rachel [the original intention]; followed by a 3rd 7 yrs.. Jacob & wife Leah bore: sons Reuben [his 1st], Simeon [his 2nd], Levi [his 3rd], Judah [his 4th], Issachar [his 9th] & Zebulun [his 10th]-- followed by daughter Dinah; Jacob & concubine Bilhah (Rachel's servant) bore: sons Dan [his 5th] & Naphtali [his 6th]; Jacob & concubine Zilpah (Leah's servant) bore: sons Gad [his 7th] & Asher [his 8th]; Jacob & wife Rachel bore: sons Joseph [his 11th] & Benjamin [his 12th]-- a total of 12 sons & 1 daughter. From them there were 71 direct descendants, children to grandchildren-- even 2 great grandchildren from the loins of Jacob. But only 66 went with Jacob into Egypt; counting Jacob, Joseph & his 2 sons, there were at least 70 there at the start: Jacob + 69 direct descendants, including 2 females. See below, 5.b. for the list (note that this list only names the direct descendants-- who knows how many spouses there were). Already being there since age 17, Joseph began to rule in Egypt at age 30 yr.; there were 7 yrs. of abundance, during which He married Asenath (priest Potiphera's daughter) & had 2 sons (Manasseh & Ephraim), followed by 7 yrs. of famine. 430 yrs. later, when Israel left Egypt-- see Exo 12:40-41), there were 600,000 men, plus women & children-- perhaps 2 or 3 million. A year after that (ref. the census of PART I, E E.1.c.) the number of males ages 20 & upward (all able fighting men minus the tribe of Levites-- the priests) was 603,550.
c. Deaths of:
- i. Abraham (Gen 23:1-2; 25:7-10) Abraham (renamed from Abram when He was age 99-- see above, a.i.), died at age 175 & was buried by Ishmael & Isaac [see below, iii.] near Kiriath-Arba (Hebron), in a cave in the field of Machpelah, bought from the Hittites, near Mamre (at Hebron) of Canaan-- with Sarah, who had already died). Sarah (renamed from Sarai at age 89-- see above, a.i.) died In Kiriath-Arba (Hebron) at age 127 yrs. & was buried before Abraham-- see below, iii.;
- ii. Ishmael & Isaac (Gen 25:17; 35:27-29; 49:31) Ishmael lived 137 yrs. Rebekah lived ? yrs. (possibly dying before Isaac]; was buried with Isaac-- see below, iii. Isaac lived 108 yrs. & was buried by Esau & Jacob, with Abraham & Sarah-- see below, iii.;
- iii. Esau & Jacob (Israel) (Gen 35:16-20: 36:9; 47:9,28; 48:7; 49:29-32; 50:1-3; Exo 12:37-41; Num 1:44) Esau died age ?, after becoming the father of the Edomites in the hill country of Seir. When the Israelites were in transit to the promised land, They had to completely circumnavigate the Edomites. Jacob [by then named Israel] lived 147 yrs. (130 pilgrimage years; 17 yrs. in Egypt-- see Gen 47:8,28); the Egyptians were instructed by Joseph (last son of Jacob) to embalm His father-- a process that by custom took 40 days; the Egyptians then mourned Him 70 days. Jacob & 1st wife Leah were buried with Abraham, Sarah, Isaac & Rebekah-- see above, i. Rachel [Jacob's 2nd wife] died soon after giving birth to Benjamin (son of My right hand) & was buried in Canaan also, but near Ephrata (Bethlehem).
3. Travels Of The Patriarchs-- Abraham (Gen 12 - 25); Isaac (Gen 21 - 35); Jacob (Gen 25 - 50)
a. Abram, in Ur of the Chaldeans with father Terah (Abram already married to Sarai) & nephew Lot:
- i. From Ur of the Chaldeans, NW of the Persian Gulf, they [Terah, Abram, Sarai & Lot] went northwest to Haran [a city of Paddan Aram-- halfway to Canaan, but northeast of the Mediterranean Sea];
- ii. From Haran, where Terah had died, they [Abram (age 75 yrs.-- Gen 12:4), Sarai & Lot] went southwest into Canaan-- which consisted of all the land between the north-south line, Sidon {northwest of the Sea of Galilee) south (140 mi.) to Gaza; eastward to the north-south line, the Sea of Galilee-Jordan River-Dead Sea (Sodom, etc.): Abram traveled through the land, as far as the great tree of Moreh at Shechem. At that time the Canaanites only were in the land. Abram was told (Gen 12:2), I will make You into a great nation. So he [Abram] built an altar there. Abram/Abraham built 5 (Abram, 4; Abraham, 1); Isaac built 1; Jacob built 2-- see below, iii., viii., viii. & x.; b.vii.; c.viii. & ix. When God listed the peoples whose land Abram would inherit (Gen 15:18-21), they included those scattered Canaanite clans of Gen 10-- then tribes mixed with other peoples. S.a. below, viii.;
- iii. From Shechem, a Canaan city midway between the Sea of Galilee & Dead Sea, but west of the Jordan R.), They went south toward the hills east of Bethel, between Bethel & Ai [cities farther south, near/north of Jerusalem-- Bethel on the west, Ai on the east]. There he [Abram] built another altar;
- iv. From Bethel-Ai south toward the Negev, south of Canaan, southwest of the Dead Sea;
- v. From the Negev west into Egypt-- for a while, due to a famine. Abram claimed his wife (see above, 2.b.i.) was his sister there (the 1st time-- see below, ix.);
- vi. From Egypt back east to the Negev [Lot yet with him];
- vii. From the Negev, from place to place, then back north to Bethel-Ai, near-north of Jerusalem, the former location of his tent & altar (the 3rd one-- see above, iii.); Abram & Lot both had flocks & herds & tents; the land could not support them while they stayed together The Canaanites & Perizzites were also living in the land at that time. The 2 men parted company. Lot lived among the cities of the plain, & pitched his tent near Sodom [possibly located south of the Dead Sea, which today is part of the Dead Sea], Abram lived in the land of Canaan. The promise of the promised land was repeated (Gen 13:14-15): All the land north, south, east & west-- all the land that You see;
- viii. From Bethel-Ai, near-north of Jerusalem, Abram moved his tents south to near the great trees of Mamre at Hebron, near-south of Jerusalem, where he [Abram] built a 4th altar. Abram rescued the captured Lot, after which Melchizedek, king & priest of Salem, blessed Abram, and Abram gave Him a tithe of everything. The promise of the promised land was again expressed (Gen 15:18-21): from the river of Egypt to the Euphrates R.-- [listing shuffled according to the # of times the tribes are mentioned in the Bible] the land of the Amorites [76x in the Bible], Canaanites [54x], Hittites [36x], Jebusites [30x], Perizzites [23x], Rephaites [10x], Kenites [8x], Girgashites [7x], Kenizzites [1x], & Kadmonites [1x]. Ref. those later listed/not listed:
- Those named later in Exo 3:8 Only 5 of this list of 10 peoples were repeated (Exo 3:8) when God described to Moses the land he would bring the Israelites out of Egypt into-- a good & spacious land, a land flowing with milk & honey-- the home of the Hittites, Perizzites, Amorites, Canaanites, Jebusites & Hivites; Not formerly listed were the Hivites-- they are covered below. These are the references prior to Ex 3:8 for the: (1) Amorites- Gen 10:16; 14:7' 15:6,21; 38:22; (2) Canaanites- Gen 12:6; 13:7; 15:21; 24:3,37; 34:30; 50:11; (3) Hittites- Gen 10:15; 15:20; 23:3,5,7,10,16,18.20; 25:10; 49:32; (4) Jebusites- Gen 10:16; 15:21; (5) Perizzites- Gen 13:7; 15:20; 34:30. We see immediately below that Canaan, son (descendant) of Ham, was the father (predecessor or founder) of 11 peoples-- 3 of them were the Amorites, Hittites & Jebusites. In addition, Later the Canaanite clans scattered & the borders of Canaan reached from Sidon south as far as Gaza, & then west toward Sodom, et al.;
- Added in Exo 3:8 to the original Gen 15:18-21 list- the Hivites The Hivites: are actually mentioned 23x in the Bible-- but only 1x prior to Exo 3:8 (in Gen 10:17). In Gen 10:1,6-17 we have: Noah's sons after the flood: Shem, Ham & Japheth; the sons (descendants) of Ham: (1) Cush, who was the father (ancestor) of Nimrod, who 1st inhabited Sinar (Babylonia), & then built Nineveh in Assyria; (2) Mizraim. who was the father (predecessor or founder) of 7 peoples-- 1 of which was the Casluhites, from which came the Philistines; (3) Put; & (4) Canaan, who was the father (predecessor or founder) of 11 peoples or clans-- 1 of which was the Hivites. Presumably they were added after the defilement of Dinah incident of Jacob's time-- vengeance in God's time (see below, 6.a.ii.1.; compare the lists: above, in viii. & in PART II A.2.end of 1st pt.). These specific 6 are listed in Josh 9:1 as banding together against Joshua & the Israelites shortly after they crossed the Jordan & conquered Jericho & Ai (see PART I, F F.4.);
- Later added back to the original list- the Girgashites (7x in the Bible) The Girgashites are mentioned in Gen 10:16; 15:21; Deu 7:1; Jos 3:10; 24:11; 1stKi 1:14 & Neh 9:8. We saw immediately above that Canaan, son (descendant) of Ham, was the father (predecessor or founder) of 11 peoples-- 1 of them was the Girgashites;
- Those not named on the Ex 3:8 list that were on the Gen 15:18-21 list: {1} The Kenites (8x)- The Kenites are mentioned in Gen 15:19; Num 24:21-22; Jdg 4:11; 1stSa 15:6; 27:6; 30:29; 1st Ch 2"55. Likely the Kenites were taken off "the bad list" because: The Kenites were the descendants of Hobab, Moses' brother-in-law (father-in-law) (Jdg 4:11). The Kenite, Hobab, was Moses' father-in-law (Num 10:29 & Jdg 1:16). Num 10:29 adds that Hobab was the son of Reuel the Midianite-- which makes Moses the brother-in-law & contemporary of Hobab, father of the Kenites; and Moses the son-in-law of Reuel, a Midianite. I.e., Likely after (or around) Abraham's time the Midianites originated; likely the Kenites did not even exist until Jacob' time. It was Midianite merchants that sold Joseph, Abraham's grandson, to the Egyptians; Moses wasn't even born until perhaps 400 years later-- he was born sometime after: the 70 that went to Egypt (Joseph, his brothers & all that generation) died, after the Israelites were fruitful, multiplied greatly & become exceedingly numerous, & after a new king came to power (Exo 1:6-8). 40 yrs. later Moses fled from Egypt and met future brother-in-law (or father-in-law) Hobab. {2} The Kenizzites (1x)- The Kenizzites are never mentioned again after the Gen 15:18-21 list. Likely they also were taken off the "bad list:" because: of the 2 spies that returned from the promised land with a good report was Caleb (age 40 yrs.) son of Jephunneh the Kenizzite (Num 32:11-13); those two, Caleb & Joshua, were the only ones from that generation that were allowed to enter the promised land 40 years later-- not even the frustrated Moses, who disobeyed God by striking a rock instead of speaking to it. Joshua gave a portion in Judah (Hebron) to Caleb in accordance with the LORD'S Command-- the land that had belonged to the Anakites in the Negev. They were the descendants of Anak (who the spies had encountered; Num 13:22), whose forefather was Arba, the greatest among the Anakites. The Anakites were the last to be conquered by Joshua in northern Canaan. {3} The Kadmonites (1x)- also are not cited anywhere else in the Bible. {4} The Rephaites (10x)- named in Gen 14:5; 15:29; Deu 2:11,20; 3:11,13; Jos 12:4; 13:12; 17:5 & 1stCh 20:4), they were defeated when Abraham rescued Lot-- PART I, E E.4.b.5th pt. points out that Og, king of Bashan, was defeated northeast of the Jordan just prior to the Israelites' entry into Canaan, was one of the last kings of the Rephaites.
- ix. From Mamre at Hebron south into the region of the Negev [between Kadesh & Shur], northwest to Gerar (of Philistia) & back southeast to Beersheba (of the Negev). For a while Abraham was in Gerar [northwest, in Philistia]. In Gerar the newly re-named Abraham again said of his wife Sarah [see above, v.] that She was His sister. Note that this was after God had promised him a son through Sarah-- afterward admitting that it was a half-truth (his father's daughter, but not his mother's). Here in Philistia Sarah (age 90-- Abraham age 100 yrs.) became pregnant-- perhaps she bore Isaac there; perhaps after They moved southeast from Gerar to a place that came to be known as Beersheba (of the Negev), where Abraham made a treaty with Abimelech king of Gerar;
- x. From Beersheba, west of the southern portion of the Dead Sea, northeast to the region of Moriah (near Jerusalem). Abraham & Isaac traveled alone-- Sarah presumably remained in Beersheba. Abraham was tested about sacrificing his son, Isaac. In preparation for the sacrifice, he built the 5th altar of his life;
- xi. From the region of Moriah back southwest to Beersheba (of the Negev)-- perhaps re-joining with his wife Sarah;
- xii. From Beersheba (of the Negev) northeast to Kiriath-Arba (Hebron-- halfway to Jerusalem) in Canaan. Though yet unmarried, Isaac did not accompany Abraham & Sarah-- but see below, b.iii. Sarah died & was buried here-- see above, 2.c.iii. Abraham sent His servant to My country, My relatives to get a wife for Isaac; Abraham also later died & was buried here with Sarah.
b. Isaac, in Beersheba (of the Negev), with parents Abraham & Sarah. Sarah bore Isaac (as we saw above in a.ix., perhaps in Girar of Philistia, perhaps in Beersheba of the Negev); Abraham & the child Isaac went:
- i. From Beersheba (of the Negev) northeast to the region of Moriah (near Jerusalem), Isaac went with his father Abraham (Sarah presumably remained in Beersheba). Abraham was tested about sacrificing his son, Isaac (age unknown, but in Gen 22:12 he was called a boy); Abraham & child Isaac continued;
- ii. From the region of Moriah back southwest to Beersheba (of the Negev)-- perhaps re-joining with his mother Sarah. Perhaps Sarah died here; perhaps Isaac did not accompany Abraham to Kiriath-Arba (see above, a.xii.;
- iii. From Beersheba (of the Negev) southwest to Beer Lahai Roi in the Negev, between Kadesh & Bered, a well south of Gerar (which well was so-named when the angel appeared unto Hager-- see above, 2.a.ii.; s.a. Gen 16:7-15 & PSALM 3 Gen 15(#6) ref. God's promise to Abraham ref. Ishmael]. Isaac went to Kiriath-Arba (Hebron), to bury Abraham [see above, a.xii.]-- after this, GOD blessed Him. Gen 24:62 says he came there after a wife was found for him. Prior to that, Abraham made his servant swear to not find a wife among the Canaanites, but to go to His motherland. From the town of Nahor in Aram Naharaim he brought back Rebekah, who Isaac married;
- iv. From Beer Lahai Roi (of the Negev) northeast to Kiriath-Arba (Hebron-- in Canaan) & back southwest to near Beer Lahai Roi: Gen 24:62 says that Isaac went to Kiriath-Arba to marry; Gen 25:11 says that after Abraham died He was living near Beer Lahai Roi;
- v. From near Beer Lahai Roi (of the Negev) north to Gerar (of Philistia). There was a famine-- but Isaac did not go to Egypt as had Abraham (see above, a.v.); rather He went directly to Gerar, to Abimelech king of the Philistines (above in a.ix. he is just king of Gerar). Like Abraham's 2nd deceit (above, a.ix.), Isaac claimed Rebekah was his sister-- except Isaac & Rebekah weren't half-sisters, as were Abraham & Sarah, but rather they were 1st cousins-once-removed (see above, 2.b.i & ii.): Rebekah was the daughter of Bethuel, who was the son of Nahor; Isaac was the son of Abraham; Nahor & Abraham were brothers. Also note that God had not promised Isaac a son as he had to Abraham before Abraham claimed this the 2nd time (see above, a.ix.). Isaac's wife Rebekah bore Esau & Jacob-- also in Philistia, as had Sarah after Abraham's deceit & admission. Here also Isaac planted crops that yielded a hundredfold; the Philistines envied Him; all the wells that His father's servants had dug the Philistines stopped up;
- vi. From Gerar (in Philistia) specifically to the Valley of Gerar. The wells in the Valley, that had been dug in Abraham's time & had been stopped up by the Philistines, were reopened & given the same names;
- vii. From the Valley of Gerar (in Philistia) east to Beersheba (now a town in the Negev). That night the LORD appeared to Him, I will bless You. Isaac built an altar; He pitched His tent; His servants dug a well. As Abraham had (see above, a.ix.), Isaac made a treaty with Abimelech at the town of Beersheba [except back then it was just in a region]. Esau (age 40 yrs.) married 2 women-- a source of grief to Isaac & Rebekah. Isaac, at the counsel of Rebekah, told Jacob to go at once to Paddan Aram, take a wife for yourself there [recall Abraham had sent his servant to that same location-- see above, a.xii.];
- viii. From Beersheba (a town of the Negev) northeast to Mamre near Kiriath-Arba (Hebron). Rebekah died (age ? yrs.) & Isaac died (age 180 yrs.-- His sons Esau & Jacob buried Him. See above, 2.c.iii.
c. Jacob, Isaac & Rebekah being in Gerar (of Philistia), Rebekah having bore Esau & Jacob in Gerar (of Philistia)-- as noted in b.iv. above, Jacob traveled:
- i. From Gerar (in Philistia) specifically to the Valley of Gerar with his parents (see above, b.v.)-- he witnessed (perhaps participated in) the opening of the wells;
- ii. From the Valley of Gerar (in Philistia) east to Beersheba (a town of the Negev). Jacob himself was sent to get a wife, unlike Abraham's sending of the servant-- see above, a.vii. & b.vii.;
- iii. From Beersheba (a town of the Negev) far northeast to Haran (in Paddan Aram). Ref. the stone Jacob used as a pillow, see PART II F.1.b. Jacob worked for his uncle Laban 7 yrs. to marry Laban's 1st daughter, Leah (Isaac's 2nd cousin-once-removed}; another 7 yrs. to marry Laban's 2nd daughter, Rachel.; & another 7 yrs. for friendship (as we saw above, in 2.b.iii.). Jacob also was given Leah's & Rachel's servants as wives-- between the 4 of them Jacob had 12 sons & 1 daughter (born sometime later). 11 of the sons were born in Paddan Aram (Rachel died giving birth to the 12th, Benjamin, near Bethlehem);
- iv. From Haran (in Paddan Aram) southwest to Canaan; Jacob was being chased by Laban;
- v. From Canaan east across the Jordan River into the hill country of Gilead. Laban caught up to Jacob after 7 days; Jacob pitched His tent;
- vi. From the hill country of Gilead south toward Seir (of Edom) where Esau was. Jacob 1st went to the ford of Jabbock, where He wrestled with an angel before meeting Esau;
- vii. From toward Seir north to Succoth, a city east of the Jordan R.;
- viii. From Succoth west to Shechem (in Canaan-- a city west of the Jordan R. He camped within sight of the city, He set up an altar & called it El Elohe Israel (GOD, the GOD of Israel, or Mighty is the GOD of Israel). As Abram had built 4 altars before being renamed, so Jacob built this (& the next 1-- see next pt.) before being renamed. 2 of Jacob's sons, Simeon & Levi, nearly had these migrants destroyed-- see below, 6.a.ii.1.;
- ix. From Bethel south to Luz (Bethel-- toward Jerusalem). There He built another altar [but this time God told him to]. He called the place El Bethel (GOD of Bethel). Deborah, Rachel's nurse, died & is buried under the oak below Bethel, at Allon Bacuth (Oak of Weeping). After Jacob returned from Paddan Aram (Northwest Mesopotamia-- no mention was made that he had gone there) GOD said, You will no longer be called Jacob; Your name will be Israel. But unlike Abram's name-change to Abraham, Jacob is repeatedly referred to as Jacob, likely to avoid confusion with the name of the nation Israel).
- x. From Bethel south toward Ephrath (Bethlehem). Rachel began to give birth; She died in childbirth; His father named Him Benjamin; She is buried near Bethlehem (see above, 2.c.iii.);
- xi. From toward Ephrata (Bethlehem) southwest to beyond Migdal Eder (the tower of Edar in the KJV). Jacob again pitched His tent; Reuben slept with His father's concubine-- see below, 6.a.i.1;
- xii. From beyond Migdal Eder southwest to Mamre, near Kiriath-Arba (Hebron), to His father Isaac. Isaac died & is buried where Abraham, Sarah, Isaac, Rebekah, Jacob & Leah are buried-- see above, 2.c.iii. above).
4. Generations, Noah To The Patriarchs To The Exodus (base figures from: PART I, A-C B.1.&2.; & above, 1., 2.a. & c.iii. & 3.a.viii.). Noah & Co. left the ark after 1 yr.; 583(+) yrs. later Jacob & sons (exc. Joseph was already there) entered Egypt; the Israelites were 430 yrs. in Egypt:
- {1} beginning of flood to Arphaxad, 3 yrs. (Shem, son of Noah, bore Arphaxad 2 yrs. after the flood); {2} Arphaxad to Shelah, 35 yrs.; {3} Shelah to Eber, 30 yrs.; {4} Eber to Peleg, 34 yrs.; {5} Peleg to Reu, 30 yrs.; {6} Reu to Serug, 32 yrs.; {7} Serug to Nahor, 30 yrs.; {8} Nahor to Terah, 29 yrs.; {9} Terah to Abraham, 70(+) yrs.; {10} Abraham to Isaac, 100 yrs.; {11} Isaac to Jacob, 60 yrs.; {12} Jacob to entry into Egypt, 130 yrs. = 583(+) yrs. I.e., there were 583(+) yrs. from the beginning of the flood to the entry of the Israelites into Egypt; there were 2239(+) yrs from Adam to the entry into Egypt (1656 + 583-- see PART I, A-C B.2.). The Israelites were 430 yrs. in Egypt. I.e.: 1656 yrs. until the beginning of the flood; 583(+) yr. from the beginning of the flood until Jacob & descendants went to Egypt; 430 yr. until the Exodus = 2669(+) yrs. from Adam to the Exodus.
5. Jacob's Descendants Into Egypt (Gen 46:6-27)
a. The 12 sons & 1 daughter of Jacob (see above, 2.b.iii. & 3.c.iii):
- Jacob & {1st wife Leah} bore 6 sons & 1 daughter: sons (1) Reuben, 1st born; (2) Simeon, 2nd; (3) Levi, 3rd; (4) Judah, 4th; (5) Issachar, 9th; & (6) Zebulun, 10th; and after Zebulun, daughter Dinah;
- Jacob & {1st concubine Bilhah, Rachel's servant} bore 2 sons: (1) Dan, 5th; & (2) Naphtali, 6th;
- Jacob & {2nd concubine Zilpah, Leah's servant} bore 2 sons: (1) Gad, 7th; & (2) Asher, 8th;
- Jacob & {2nd wife Rachel} bore 2 sons: (1) Joseph, 11th; & (2) Benjamin, 12th.
b. The 66 descendants that went into Egypt (numbered below) are the 66 direct descendants of Jacob that accompanied him as he went into Egypt (there were 71 direct descendants, but 2 died in Canaan, and 3 were already there). Including Jacob himself, there were 70 members of Jacob's family in Egypt {Jacob, 12 sons, 1 daughter, 51 grandsons (not counting the 2 that died in Canaan), 1 granddaughter & 4 great grandsons}-- Jacob + 12 + 1 + 51 + 1 + 4 = 70 (8 spouses also?-- Acts 7:14 says that 75 went down).
i. By 1st wife, Leah: 6 sons + 1 daughter + 23 grandsons (there were 2 others, but they died in Canaan; they didn't accompany Jacob into Egypt) + 2 great grandsons = 32. Those that went into Egypt:
- 1st son, Reuben {1}; 4 grandsons: Hanoch {2}, Pallu {3}, Hezron {4} & Carmi {5};
- 2nd son, Simeon {6}, 6 grandsons: Jemuel {7}, Jamin {8}, Ohad {9}, Jakin {10}, Zohar {11} & Shaul {12};
- 3rd son, Levi {13}; 3 grandsons: Gershon {14}, Kohath {15} & Merari {16};
- 4th son, Judah {17}; 3 grandsons: Shelah {18}, Perez {19} & Zerah {20}; 2 great grandsons (by Perez): Hezron {21} & Hamul {22}-- not counted are Judah's 2 other sons (Jacob's grandsons), Er & Onan, that died in Canaan. Er, Onan & Shelah were the sons of Judah & a Canaanite woman; Jacob got a wife (who may have been a full-blooded Jew) for Er, Tamar (Er then died). Perez & Zerah were the sons of Judah & this daughter-in-law Tamar. I.e., likely, the 1st one that was a half-breed was Shelah-- {18) above)-- but that is inconsequential, as Shelah was not in Jesus' bloodline (Judah, Perez & Hexron were;
- 9th son, Issachar {23}; 4 grandsons: Tola {24}, Puah {25}, Jashub {26} & Shimron {27};
- 10th son, Zebulun {28}; 3 grandsons: Sered {29}, Elon {30}, Jahleel {31};
- 1 daughter, Dinah {32}.
ii. By 1st concubine, Bilhah (Rachel's servant): 2 sons + 5 grandsons = 7:
- 5th son, Dan {33}; 1 grandson, Hushim {34};
- 6th son, Naphtali {35}; 4 grandsons: Jahziel {36}, Guni {37}, Jezer {38} & Shillem {39}.
iii. By 2nd concubine, Zilpah (Leah's servant): 2 sons + 11 grandsons + 1 granddaughter + 2 great grandsons = 16:
- 7th son, Gad {40}; 7 grandsons: Zephon {41}, Haggi {42}, Shuni {43}, Ezbon {44}, Eri {45}, Arodi {46} & Areli {47};
- 8th son, Asher {48}; 4 grandsons: Imnah {49}, Ishvah {50}, Ishvi {51} & Beriah {52}; 1 granddaughter Serah {53}; 2 great grandsons (by Beriah): Heber {54} & Malkiel {55}.
iv. By 2nd wife, Rachel: 2 sons + 12 grandsons = 14 (but only 11 are counted-- not Joseph & his sons):
- 11th son, Joseph; 2 grandsons: Manasseh & Ephraim (these 3 were already in Egypt);
- 12th son, Benjamin {56}; 10 grandsons: Bela {57}, Beker {58}, Ashbel {59}, Gera {60}, Naaman {61}, Ehi {62}, Rosh {63}, Muppim {64}, Huppim {65} & Ard {66}.
6. Deeds Of The 1st 4 Sons Of Jacob & Leah; Jacob Describes His 12 Sons
a. Deeds (good & evil) of the 1st 4 sons of Jacob & (1st wife) Leah If all 4 had been cursed, it could be quickly said that it was because of some lingering resentment of having had to marry Leah. But it was only the 1st 3, Reuben, Simeon & Levi, that eventually were cursed by Jacob at the end of his life, because of some things they had done early in life, before several good deeds-- indeed, in the case of Simeon & Levi, the curses came long after Jacob had led in repentance. But Jacob apparently held grudges. The 4th was Judah; there was no curse-- perh. it's a case of God's forgiveness trumping man's vengeance; perh. it was because, unlike the 1st 3, he 1st did good during, followed by evil-- & then did good again (he succeeded in convincing Jacob to bring Benjamin to Egypt). At any rate, there was only blessing (voluminously, via prophecy).
- i. Reuben, Jacob & Leah's 1st (Gen 30:14-21; 35 30:14-21; 35:22; 37:21-30; 49:4):
- Early evil- {1} Reuben brought some mandrakes to his mother Leah (after she had bore 4 sons-- also after Bilhah (Rachel's servant) & Zilpah (Leah's servant) had bore 2 each; Rachel (Jacob's 2nd wife) traded to Leah (his 1st wife) a night with Jacob for the mandrakes-- Issachar, Jacob's 9th son (Leah's 5th), resulted (apparently Jacob so resented this trade that he continued with Leah, resulting in Jacob's 10th son, Zebulun, & a daughter, Dinah); but {2} this is what specifically elicited the curse: Reuben went in & slept with his father's concubine Bilhah (Rachel's servant);
- Later good- {1} Reuben preserved Joseph's life by advising the other brothers to throw him into this cistern here in the desert. How did Joseph wind up in Egypt? When one of these older brothers, Judah, convinced them to pull him out of the cistern and sell him to some Midianite merchants (of an Ishmaelite caravan from Gilead), who carried him into Egypt Reuben threw a fit when he later found the cistern empty. Joseph's other older brothers had hated him, in large part because of what he said (and other temporal things); much later in life they realized just how shallow this was-- but {2} later in Egypt, it was Reuben that was the 1st to intimate such to his father. Realizing just how precious a father's love is, he said to Jacob, You can put both of My sons to death if I do not bring Him [Benjamin, the child of Jacob's old age, the one son thought-to-be remaining of Jacob's 1st love, Rachel] back to You-- when Joseph requested they bring him to Egypt, thinking this might convince Jacob to send Benjamin down. These good deeds did not elicit a change of heart in the eyes of Jacob, though-- at the end of Jacob's life, as he had only nice things to say about most of his other sons, he both blessed & cursed Reuben-- likely because he was still bitter about Reuben having lain with his concubine.
- The curse- You will no longer excel, for You went up unto Your father's bed, onto My couch and defiled it;
- The blessing-: See below, b.i. Later, an entire camp (3 divisions or tribes) was named Reuben (see PART I, E E.1.d.ii.); whenever the Israelites moved in the desert, camp Reuben was the 1st to march. When the Israelites finally did enter the promised land (north of wild Moab & the Arnon Gorge-- halfway up the east side of the Dead Sea), after Canaan was conquered the Reubenites were 1st to receive land (see PART I, E E.4.d.)-- settled Moab (from the Arnon Gorge to a little beyond the northeast corner of the Dead Sea).
- ii. Simeon & Levi, Jacob & Leah's 2nd & 3rd (Gen 34:1-31; 49:5-7; Num 35:1-6,14):
- Early evil- Simeon & Levi jeopardized their father's substantial household among the inhabitants of the land, the Canaanites & the Perizzites, when they had arrived there from Paddan Aram (where Jacob had gotten his wives)-- afterward Jacob led his household in repentance (Simeon & Levi had taken matters into their own hands & had exacted vengeance when their sister, Dinah, had been violated by Shechem, son of Hamor the Hivite-- likely it was at this time that the Hivites were added to the list of inhabitants that the Lord would drive out when Israel crossed the Jordan (see above, 3.a.viii.(2.); s.a. PART I, F F.4.);
- Later good- Simeon & Levi participated in the repentance. But the curious thing is that obviously Jacob felt the need to add vengeance to repentance-- he cursed Simeon & Levi, as he had Reuben;
- The curse- Cursed be Their anger, so fierce, and Their fury, so cruel! I will scatter Them in Jacob and disperse Them in Israel;
- The blessing- See below, b.ii. & iii. Obviously God had accepted this repentance (forgave & forgot the matter), as the Simeonite division (tribe) was in camp of Reuben (so that they were among the 1st to travel-- see PART I, E E.1.d.ii.); and the Levites became priests, and had the place of honor-- both when camping (in the middle) & when marching (2 camps in front of them, 2 camps behind them)-- see PART I, E E.1.d.iii. After Canaan was conquered, Simeon received land surrounded (and buffered) by the land Judah received; the Levites were given towns (with surrounding pastures) scattered among the land the other tribes received (six of which became cities of refuge, 3 east of the Jordan, 3 in Canaan-- see Num 35:14). S.a. PART I, E E.4.d. & PART I, F F.6.b.
- iii. Judah, Jacob & Leah's 4th (Gen 37:26-28; 38:1-30):
- Early good- As we saw above, in i.2{1}, how did Joseph wind up in Egypt? It was Judah that talked his brothers into pulling Joseph out of the cistern, and selling him to the Ishmaelites;
- Later evil- Judah slept with, and impregnated, his daughter-in-law, Tamar (Perez & Zerah resulted-- see above, 5.b.(4th son). Perhaps Jacob didn't know of this; perhaps Jacob just didn't care, since it did not adversely affect himself-- for some reason he chose to dismiss or not seek vengeance; he later had nothing but good to say about Judah (see below, b.iv.);
- Blessing only- Whereas Reuben had attempted to convince Jacob to send Benjamin by offering the lives of his sons; Judah succeeded (see above, i.2{2})-- he offered himself: You can hold Me personally responsible for Him. If I do not bring Him back, I will bear the blame before You all My life. It was the 2 sons from this union of Judah & the Canaanite woman, Er & Onan, who died in Canaan and are not counted as having entered Egypt with Jacob. But, there was a 3rd son from this marriage, Shelah-- he was counted (as well the 2 sons, Perez & Zerah, & the 2 great grandson's (by Perez), Hezron & Hamul that resulted from Judah & daughter-in-law Tamar-- see above, 5.b.i.4th son. Also, Caleb, 1 of the 2 spies (the only 2 of that generation that later crossed the Jordan into Canaan), was descended from Judah.
b. Jacob describes his 12 sons 2 curses, 2 prophecies, 1 praise & 1 surprise (Gen 49:3-27) Compare Moses' blessings in PART I, E E.4.e. This mixture is called blessings (predictions, assuming trust & obedience)-- it is notable, though, that the 2 spies (Joshua & Caleb) giving favorable reports upon returning from Canaan, the only 2 from that generation that entered Canaan, were leaders of the tribes (Judah & Ephraim) descended from the only 2 sons that Jacob described flowingly-- Judah & Joseph (see below, iv. & xi.). This is the 1st time that Jacob's 12 sons were referred to as the 12 tribes of Israel, although the 12 tribes were precisely named after only 10 of these (the tribe of Judah was 1, but there was no tribe of Joseph-- there were 2 tribes (Manasseh & Ephraim) named after Joseph's 2 sons); s.a., PART I, E E.2.a.
- i. Reuben (with a curse also) You are My firstborn, My might, the first sign of My strength, excelling in honor, excelling in power. Turbulent as waters, You will no longer excel [the rest of the curse follows, as above, in a.i.3.].
- ii. & iii. Simeon & Levi (both, with a curse also) Their swords are weapons of violence. Let Me not enter Their council, let Me not join Their assembly, for They have killed men in Their anger and hamstrung oxen as They pleased. Cursed be Their anger [the rest of the curse follows, as above, in a.ii.3.].
- iv. Judah Double Dose-- Near & Distant prophecies Your brothers will praise You; Your hand will be on the neck of Your enemies; Your father's sons will bow down to You. You are a lion's cub, O Judah; You return from the prey, My son. Like a lion He crouches and lies down, like a lioness-- who dares to rouse Him? The scepter will not depart from Judah, nor the ruler's staff from between His feet, until He comes to whom it belongs and the obedience of the nations is His. He will tether His donkey to a vine, His colt to the choicest branch; He will wash His garments in wine, His robes in the blood of grapes. His eyes will be darker than wine, His teeth whiter than milk. EOP
- v. Zebulun (not a prophecy-- did not come true) Zebulun will live by the seashore and become a haven for ships; His border will extend toward Sidon. This is most definitely not a prophecy, as the land the Zebulunites eventually received was sandwiched between Manasseh & Asher on the Mediterranean Sea coast, and Naphtali on the Sea of Galilee coast. However, its southwestern border is the Kishon R. The land Zebulun inherited is the future location of Nazareth, where Jesus spent his childhood.
- vi. Issachar Issachar is a raw-bone donkey, lying between 2 saddlebags. When He sees how good is His resting place & how pleasant is His land, He will bend His shoulder to the burden & submit to forced labor. But later there was "The Issachar Factor" (as Dr. R. Dale Wicker preached it), when 200 chiefs, with their relatives under their command of Issachar joining David's ranks against Saul-- these Issacharites were described as understanding the times and what Israel should do (1stCh 12:32).
- vii. Dan Dan will provide justice for His people as one of the tribes of Israel. Dan will be a serpent by the roadside, a viper among the path, that bites the horse's heels, so that its rider tumbles backward.
- viii. Gad Gad will be attacked by a band of raiders, but He will attack them at their heels.
- ix. Asher Asher's food will be rich; He will provide delicacies fit for a king.
- x. Naphtali Naphtali is a doe set free that bears beautiful fawns.
- xi. Joseph (here Jacob praises-- making up for lost time?) Joseph is a fruitful vine, a fruitful vine near a spring, whose branches climb over a wall. With bitterness archers attacked Him; they shot at Him with hostility, but His bow remained steady, His strong arms stayed limber, because of: (1) the Hand of the Mighty ONE of Jacob; (2) the shepherd, the Rock of Israel; (3) Your father's GOD, who helps You; & (4) the Almighty, who blesses You with blessings of: (a) the heavens above; (b) the deep that lies below; (c) the breast and the womb. Your father's blessings are greater than the blessings of the ancient mountains, than the bounty of the age-old hills. Let all these rest on the head of Joseph, on the brow of the prince among His brothers.
- xii. Benjamin (surprise description-- considering both Joseph & Benjamin were offspring from Jacob & his 1st love, Rachel; & considering he was the endeared child of Jacob's old age): Benjamin is a ravenous wolf; in the morning He devours the prey, in the evening He divides the plunder.
7. Job's "4th Man" The book of Job does not appear until later in the Bible (amidst books that project the Exodus from Egypt as old history) but it is said that Job lived around the time of the patriarchs. Thus this story is told now-- but it really is ancient history: S.a. PSALM 3 Job & PSALM 4 Job.
- Job was a well established man in his culture-- he was rich, with a large family & health.
- 2x God allowed him to be tested: 1x regarding his possessions & family; 1x regarding his health;
- Before the 1st test, none-other-than God declared him blameless & upright (Job 1:8). As he lived, likely he had faith like that which began with Abel (Hebr 11:4). Remember, he lived about the time of the patriarchs. If he was an Israelite, this faith might have eventually progressed to the O.T. imperfect righteousness attained through the Levitical priesthood (Hebr 7:11). Or if he was a Gentile he would've eventually had the requirements of the Law written on his heart (Roma 2:15). But whichever-- he was being tested then!
- That was before the 1st test-- & it's evident he passed the 1st test with flying-colors, for in the same chapter (Job 1:22) it is said, In all this, Job did not sin by charging GOD foolishly. Indeed, 1x again God declared him blameless & upright; He still maintains His integrity, though you Satan incited ME against Him (I gave you permission) to ruin Him without any reason. Hence the 2nd test, which in stark contrast went on for many chapters.
- Now the expression God used at the end of the 1st test speaks volumes-- Job indeed eventually did sin by charging God with wrongdoing, after many chapters of insinuations by 3 former friends (Eliphaz, Bildad & Zophar)-- but most definitely it cannot be said that Job failed the test. For their was a 4th person, young Elihu! True, initially Elihu became very angry with Job for justifying himself rather than GOD. But it was what he did later that was most redeeming-- he implored the Holy Spirit (Job 33:23ff), such that Job confessed & repented-- God later restoring all he had lost (& then some)
- About the 3 friends; they also had a 4th person! He [Elihu] was also angry with the 3 friends, because they had found no way to refute Job, & yet had condemned Him But similar to Shadrach, Meshach & Abednego walking out of the fiery furnace, they also were pardoned-- because God had Job pray for them.